Terapia das lesões de furca

revisão narrativa

Abstract

Furcation lesions consist of the loss of attachment in the interradicular area resulting from the progression of periodontal disease and determine areas of greater difficulty in periodontal instrumentation. A narrative review of the literature was performed with searches in the PubMed, LILACS and Google Scholar databases with the objective of reviewing the literature on therapies for teeth with furcation lesions. Non-surgical periodontal therapy is very effective for molars with grade I furcation involvement, because in addition to increasing tooth survival, it promotes a significant reduction in probing depth and bleeding on probing when instituted at short and periodic intervals. Surgical access provides an additional reduction in probing depth when compared with the reduction achieved with subgingival scaling alone, in addition to being able to promote gains in the level of vertical and horizontal clinical attachment, also for grade 2 and 3 furcation lesions. The combination of non-surgical and surgical therapy can result in even greater benefits. Root resection is another treatment option. These procedures are associated with high survival rates and are able of providing a reduction in probing depth and bleeding on probing, in addition to improving bone levels. It is concluded that the use of periodontal approaches in teeth with furcation lesions is relevant due to the improvement in periodontal clinical parameters provided by all of them, in addition to enabling an increase in the survival time of teeth with furcation lesions.