Analysis of the distance from the infraorbital foramen to the bony alveolar crest in edentulous skulls as an anatomical reference to infraorbital anesthesia

Authors

  • Guilherme Santos de Sousa sousa Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
  • keila gonzaga federal university of uberlandia
  • Fabio Mitri federal university of uberlandia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61217/rcromg.v22.418

Keywords:

infraorbital foramen

Abstract

Introduction: The infra-orbital foramen (FIO) becomes a structure of great clinical relevance for the undergraduate or professional dentist and the professional or surgeon who works in the face region, since through it the terminal fibers of the infra-orbital nerve ( NIO) reach the skin, and is located approximately 0.5 to 1.0 cm below the infraorbital margin (Hwang et al., 2013). From a surgical point of view, it is located close to important structures, such as the buccal, orbital and nasal regions. Therefore, it is relevant for dentistry professionals to know its exact location, for better execution of maxillofacial surgical procedures and anesthetic techniques.
The technique of anesthesia of the anterior superior alveolar nerve (NASA), in the region of the infraorbital foramen, is complex and may become more difficult in a completely edentulous patient, since the reabsorption of the alveolar process and the consequent decrease in the height of the face alter the distance between anatomical reference structures for the technique.
Objective: The objective of this research is to verify the distance between the alveolar crest of the upper first premolar and the infraorbital foramen, in unidentified dry skulls, with dentate and totally edentulous maxillae.
Methodology: Thirty adult skulls were included in this research, divided into 15 dentate skulls and 15 total edentulous skulls, from the collection of the Laboratory of Human Anatomy of the Federal University of Uberlândia. This study was conducted in accordance with Brazilian law number 8501 published in 1992 and the Declaration of Helsinki, which idealizes the use of cadavers or anatomical parts for purposes of study or scientific research. The present study was published in a Brazilian journal (Poiani et al., 2018). The distance between the alveolar bone crest of the maxillary first premolar and the center of the FIO in the maxilla was measured with a digital caliper.
Results and discussion: The measurements between these distances revealed that the averages between the dentate and edentulous maxillas presented respective differences of 4.0 mm (right antimere) and 4.2 mm (left antimere). In the dentate maxillae, the antimeres presented an average difference of 0.4 mm and, in the edentulous maxillae, an average difference of 0.2 mm. Differences were statistically significant between dentate and edentate skulls, but not in relation to their respective antimeres. Scientific research on the local topographic location of the FIO and the distribution of the NIO and NASA exist in the scientific literature (Caldeira et al., 2008; Kharb et al., 2012), however, there are few studies of these structures in total edentulous patients, as well as the relationship between anatomical accidents and the height of the alveolar bone in total edentulous skulls. The relationship between the loss of dental elements and the resorption of the alveolar process with the loss of bone height in the jaws and the location of the anatomical reference points for performing the NASA anesthesia technique in totally edentulous patients is a necessity in everyday life. dentist's day
Conclusion: Thus, we conclude that for the safe clinical performance of this anesthetic technique, the penetration of the needle must be 4.0 mm smaller in the totally edentulous patient when compared to the totally dentate one, providing safety for the technique and comfort for the patient. In addition, this information plays an important role in preventing iatrogenic injuries during access to the infraorbital foramen area, both surgically and anesthetically, and allows the dental surgeon to perform safe and satisfactory procedures for the infraorbital nerve and superior alveolar nerve. in both dentate and completely edentulous patients, with a decrease in the height of the middle third of the face.

Published

2024-01-25

How to Cite

sousa, G. S. de S., abadia gonzaga, keila, & mitri, F. (2024). Analysis of the distance from the infraorbital foramen to the bony alveolar crest in edentulous skulls as an anatomical reference to infraorbital anesthesia. REVISTA DO CROMG, 22(Supl.2). https://doi.org/10.61217/rcromg.v22.418